Physiological Systems

A long distance cycling event requires which of the following:

increased mitochondrial content, for energy production

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sufficient running training

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increased mitochondria cells, for energy production

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high levels of creatine phosphate, stored in the muscles

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A long-term adaptation of the heart to exercise is that the ___________ increases in thickness.

left ventricle

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aorta

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right ventricle

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SA node

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As a result of performing training sessions including the bench press, the participant can expect the following to occur:

All of the options listed

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increased size of the pectoral muscles

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increased volumisation of the pectorals, deltoids and triceps

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increased strength, and ability in the bench press

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During exercise, heart rate and blood pressure respond by:

both increasing

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remaining unchanged, but stroke volume increases

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heart rate decreases, blood pressure increases

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heart rate increases, blood pressure decreases

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Increased capillarisation of the alveoli in response to exercise is for:

increased gaseous exchange, due to increased oxygen demand, and carbon dioxide production

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decreased heart rate

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increased gaseous exchange, due to carbon monoxide in the environment

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increased blood flow to the lungs

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One of the most notable adaptations to the nervous system, with regards to exercise, happens at the _____________ where _______________ is increased.

neuromuscular junction; acetylcholine

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synapses; neurotransmitters

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axons; myelin

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dendrites; mitochondria

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Speed and power training may result in:

recruitment of type iia fibres towards type iib fibres

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recruitment of type iia fibres towards type i fibres

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recruitment of type iib fibres towards type iia fibres

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little or no change in fibre composition

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Strength training causes: i) increased fibre recruitment in contraction ii) increased fibre thickness iii) atp-pc system to be used for energy iv) women to look like men v) decreased sensitivity to acetylcholine vi) increased vascularity of muscles

i, ii, iii, vi

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ii, iii, iv, vi

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ii, iv, v, vi

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i, ii, vi

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Stretching results in:

increased range of motion

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decreased pain in muscles

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decreased stability

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poor posture

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Stretching “cold” muscles may lead to:

increasing the length of the collagen component

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increasing flexibility of the elastin component

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pulling a muscle, while stretching

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tight muscles

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The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of:

brain and spinal cord

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all nerves of the body

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spinal cord

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nerves of the arms and legs

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The flow of blood in the body follows this pathway:

right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body

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right ventricle, right atrium, lungs, left ventricle, left atrium, body

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left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, right atrium, body

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left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body

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The main difference between strength and power training is:

rate of muscle contraction

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amount of weight lifted

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amount of energy used

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size of the participants

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The nervous system is responsible for sensory intake, as well as integration

True

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False

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What controls the process of changing membrane potential in the nerve cell membrane by allowing sodium ions to rush into the cell?

Depolarization

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Hyperpolarization

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Sodium-potassium pump

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Saltatory conduction

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What is the difference between concentric and eccentric contractions?

concentric shortens under tension, while eccentric lengthens under tension

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concentric shortens under tension, while eccentric lengthens as it relaxes

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eccentric shortens under tension, while concentric lengthens under tension

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there is no difference, both are isotonic contractions

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What is the function of calcium in the muscle stimulation process?

Binds with troponin to open up binding sites

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Provides the action potential

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Binds to actin filaments’ binding sites

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Conducts the electrical impulse along the myofibril

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What part within the muscle fiber stores glycogen and myoglobin and is made up of lipids, enzymes and various types of cellular organelles?

Sarcoplasm

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Sarcolemma

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Transverse tubules

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Myofibrils

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What relays information to the central nervous system about changes in the body and limbs’ positions due to muscular motions?

Muscle spindles

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Proprioceptors

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Nerve cells

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Motor endplates

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What substance allows for the faster transfer of nerve impulses?

myelin

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blood

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electricity

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sodium

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What term describes the total process of the breakdown of food molecules to release energy and the subsequent use of that energy to build up new molecules within the body?

Metabolism

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Anabolism

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Catabolism

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Myobolic

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Which of the following is not a function of the cardiovascular system?

respiration

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protection

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regulation

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transportation

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