When joints are not moved through a full range of motion due to inactivity, they adapt to this position by shortening, which decreases flexibility. Poor flexibility decreases the body’s ability to maintain proper posture, limits proper joint motion, and increases the risk for low back pain, joint pain, and injury during everyday activities.
Benefits of Flexibility Training
| Increases joint range of motion | Decreases general neuromuscular tension (stress) |
| Relieves joint stress | Decreases adhesion’s (or knots) in muscles and fascia |
| Improves elasticity of muscles and connective tissue | Decreases general aches and pains |
| Improves elasticity of muscles and connective tissue | Decreases anxiety |
| Improves neuromuscular efficiency | Decreases high blood pressure |
| Improves overall function required during daily chores and recreational activities. | Decreases muscle cramps |
Factors Affecting Flexibility
Flexibility varies from one individual to the next, but there are a few common factors that negatively affect tissue extensibility and joint range of motion:
• Genetics
• Composition of tendons or skin surrounding the joint
• Age
• Gender
• Joint structure and position e.g. the anterior or posterior tilt of the pelvis will put the hamstrings in either a lengthened or a shortened position respectively
• Strength and activation of opposing/ antagonistic muscle groups
• Previous injuries
• Activity level
• Repetitive movements (pattern overload)